Muscle growth is constrained by cellular-level processes—specifically myonuclei accretion and protein synthesis rates—that operate on timescales of months to years, not weeks. Training programme design optimises the stimulus for growth but cannot override these fundamental biological limits. — Photo by Tima Miroshnichenko on Pexels (Pexels License)
Prof. Giorgi Pkhakadze, MD, MPH, PhD, is Editor-in-Chief of the Georgian Medical Journal and Chair of the Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG). He is Professor and Head of the Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences at David Tvildiani Medical University, and Secretary/Treasurer of the UEMS Section of Public Health. ORCID: 0000-0001-7609-4515.
