What is Apricot Kernels / Laetrile?
Apricot kernels are the seeds found inside apricot pits, which contain a compound called amygdalin. When processed, amygdalin is converted into laetrile, a semi-synthetic derivative that has been marketed as “vitamin B17” despite not being a recognized vitamin. Laetrile gained notoriety in the 1970s as an alternative cancer treatment, but it has been banned by the FDA for use as a cancer therapy due to safety concerns and lack of efficacy.
Amygdalin naturally occurs in the bitter kernels of apricots, as well as in almonds, cherries, peaches, and apples. When consumed, amygdalin breaks down in the digestive system to release hydrogen cyanide, a highly toxic compound. This mechanism forms the basis of both the purported therapeutic effects and the serious safety risks associated with apricot kernel consumption.
Health benefits & uses
Cancer treatment (Limited evidence): Despite decades of research, there is no credible scientific evidence that laetrile or apricot kernels are effective in treating cancer. Multiple clinical trials and systematic reviews have failed to demonstrate any anti-cancer benefits. The National Cancer Institute and major cancer organizations worldwide do not recommend laetrile as a cancer treatment.
Pain relief (Limited evidence): Some proponents claim that laetrile may help with pain management, but there are no well-designed clinical trials supporting this use.
Immune system support (No evidence): While some alternative medicine practitioners suggest immune benefits, there is no scientific evidence to support these claims.
How it works
The proposed mechanism of action centers on amygdalin’s breakdown into hydrogen cyanide. Proponents theorize that cancer cells contain higher levels of an enzyme called beta-glucosidase, which would preferentially release cyanide in cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. However, this theory lacks scientific support.
Research has shown that the enzyme distribution theory is flawed, and the release of cyanide occurs throughout the body rather than being targeted to cancer cells. This non-selective cyanide release is what makes apricot kernels and laetrile dangerous, as cyanide interferes with cellular respiration and can cause severe poisoning.
Dosage
There are no established safe or effective dosages for apricot kernels or laetrile, as these substances are not approved for therapeutic use. The European Food Safety Authority has determined that consuming more than 1-2 small apricot kernels per day could exceed safe levels of cyanide exposure for adults.
Healthcare providers strongly advise against using apricot kernels or laetrile supplements for any therapeutic purpose. Anyone considering these substances should consult with an oncologist or healthcare provider to discuss evidence-based treatment options.
Food sources
Amygdalin is naturally found in:
- Bitter apricot kernels (highest concentration)
- Bitter almonds
- Cherry pits
- Peach pits
- Apple seeds
- Some varieties of lima beans
- Cassava root
Sweet apricot kernels contain much lower levels of amygdalin compared to bitter varieties. Commercial apricot kernel products and laetrile supplements are illegal for therapeutic use in many countries.
Safety & side effects
Apricot kernels and laetrile carry significant safety risks due to cyanide poisoning. Symptoms of cyanide toxicity include:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Headache and dizziness
- Difficulty breathing
- Rapid heartbeat
- Mental confusion
- Seizures
- Coma and death in severe cases
The FDA has received numerous reports of serious adverse events, including deaths, associated with laetrile use. Children are particularly vulnerable to cyanide poisoning and may experience severe symptoms from consuming even small amounts of apricot kernels.
Interactions
Apricot kernels and laetrile may interact dangerously with:
- Vitamin C supplements: High doses of vitamin C may increase the conversion of amygdalin to cyanide
- Probiotics: Certain beneficial bacteria may enhance cyanide release from amygdalin
- Raw almonds and other cyanogenic foods: May increase overall cyanide exposure
- Cancer medications: May interfere with proven cancer treatments and delay appropriate care
Who should be cautious
The following groups should completely avoid apricot kernels and laetrile:
- Pregnant and breastfeeding women
- Children and adolescents
- Individuals with liver or kidney disease
- People with thyroid disorders
- Cancer patients receiving conventional treatment
- Anyone with a history of cyanide sensitivity
Frequently asked questions
Is laetrile really vitamin B17?
No, laetrile is not a vitamin. The term “vitamin B17” is a marketing term with no scientific basis. Vitamins are essential nutrients that the body requires for normal function, and laetrile does not meet this definition.
Why is laetrile banned in many countries?
Laetrile is banned due to its potential for cyanide poisoning and lack of proven therapeutic benefits. Regulatory agencies worldwide have determined that the risks far outweigh any potential benefits.
Can apricot kernels cure cancer?
No scientific evidence supports the use of apricot kernels or laetrile for cancer treatment. Multiple clinical trials have failed to demonstrate any anti-cancer effects, and their use may delay proven cancer treatments.
Are there any safe ways to consume apricot kernels?
While occasional consumption of 1-2 sweet apricot kernels is unlikely to cause immediate harm in healthy adults, there are no proven health benefits. The risk-benefit ratio does not support regular consumption.
What should I do if someone has consumed large amounts of apricot kernels?
Seek immediate emergency medical attention. Cyanide poisoning is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment with specific antidotes and supportive care.
Classification:
Typical dose: — · Studied up to: —
References
Authoritative profile & live regulatory status: Apricot Kernels / Laetrile on SupplementIndex →