Prof. Giorgi Pkhakadze
How the gut absorbs nutrients with molecular precision: A seven-meter biochemical assembly line
The human gastrointestinal tract functions as a seven-meter nutrient-extraction assembly line, with each segment specializing in absorbing specific vitamins, minerals,…
Why Thiamine Deficiency Is Silent but Serious in Heart Failure Patients
Loop diuretics—the standard treatment for heart failure—deplete thiamine, the essential cofactor for energy production. Research shows 33% of heart failure…
Aerobic Exercise Reverses Age-Related Hippocampal Shrinkage in Older Adults
A 12-month aerobic exercise trial published in PNAS reversed age-related hippocampal shrinkage in older adults, with participants gaining 2% in…
How muscle contraction clears blood glucose independently of insulin after meals
Skeletal muscle activates a second glucose-clearance pathway during physical activity that operates independently of insulin, allowing direct glucose uptake without…
Why Spinach Iron Doesn’t Count Like Meat Iron: The Bioavailability Gap
A cup of spinach contains 6 mg of iron but only 2–20% is absorbed, while beef's 2.5 mg iron is…
How Coffee Brewing Method Affects Cholesterol: The Science Behind Diterpenes and Filters
Coffee's effect on cholesterol depends entirely on brewing method. Unfiltered coffee—French press, espresso, Turkish—allows diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol) to reach…
Muscle rebuilds in three months, but bone takes twice as long—and protein supplements don’t speed it up
Muscle tissue rebuilds completely every three months, while bone takes up to 2.3 years, according to a new study in…
U-shaped sleep curve reveals distinct aging patterns: short sleep drives aging, long sleep signals underlying disease
A Nature study of 500,000 UK adults reveals a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and biological aging. Optimal aging occurs…