Ninety-two percent of US adults are deficient in choline, making it the most prevalent gap in methylation metabolism—yet it remains absent from most functional health protocols. A complete methylation assessment requires evaluation of folate, B12, B6, and choline. — Photo by Munbaik Cycling Clothing on Unsplash (Unsplash License)
MD, MPH, PhD. Editor-in-Chief, Georgian Medical Journal (GMJ). Professor and Head, School of Public Health, David Tvildiani Medical University (DTMU), Tbilisi, Georgia. Chair, Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG). President, Accréditation Sans Frontières (ASF), Paris. Secretary/Treasurer, UEMS Section of Public Health. WHO Consultant, Health and Migration, Geneva. Former Member, UN Secretary-General's Independent Accountability Panel for Every Woman, Every Child, Every Adolescent (IAP-EWEC, 2016–2021). ORCID: 0000-0001-7609-4515.
