CBG (Cannabigerol)

Medically reviewed by Prof. Giorgi Pkhakadze, MD, MPH, PhD — GMJ Editorial Board

What is CBG (Cannabigerol)?

Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in cannabis and hemp plants. Often referred to as the “mother cannabinoid,” CBG serves as the precursor from which other cannabinoids like THC and CBD are synthesized. Unlike THC, CBG does not produce euphoric effects, making it an attractive compound for therapeutic research and supplementation.

CBG is typically found in very low concentrations (less than 1%) in most cannabis strains, which has historically made it expensive to extract and study. However, specialized hemp cultivars and extraction techniques have made CBG more commercially available as a dietary supplement. CBG products are commonly available as oils, capsules, and isolates.

Health benefits & uses

Limited evidence supports CBG’s potential therapeutic applications, as research is still in early stages:

Submit Your Paper

Antibacterial properties: Laboratory studies suggest CBG may have antimicrobial effects against certain bacterial strains, including antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, human clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects.

Inflammatory conditions: Preliminary research indicates CBG may help reduce inflammation through interaction with the endocannabinoid system, though clinical evidence in humans remains limited.

Glaucoma management: Early animal studies suggest CBG might help reduce intraocular pressure, potentially benefiting glaucoma patients, but human studies are lacking.

Appetite stimulation: Some research indicates CBG may stimulate appetite, which could be beneficial for individuals with eating disorders or undergoing treatments that reduce appetite.

Neuroprotective effects: Preclinical studies suggest potential neuroprotective properties, but human clinical data is not yet available.

How it works

CBG interacts with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS), which plays a role in regulating various physiological processes including pain, mood, appetite, and immune function. Unlike CBD and THC, CBG appears to have a relatively low affinity for CB1 and CB2 receptors, the primary cannabinoid receptors.

Instead, CBG may work through other mechanisms, including interaction with alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, TRPV1 receptors, and by inhibiting the uptake of anandamide, an endocannabinoid. CBG also appears to interact with the 5-HT1A serotonin receptor, which may contribute to its potential therapeutic effects.

Dosage

No established RDA or UL exists for CBG. Typical dosages in available studies and commercial products range from 5-50 mg daily, though optimal dosing remains unclear due to limited research.

Common supplementation approaches include:

• Starting dose: 5-10 mg daily
• Maintenance dose: 15-25 mg daily
• Higher doses: Up to 50 mg daily (under professional guidance)

Individual responses may vary significantly. It’s recommended to start with the lowest effective dose and increase gradually under healthcare provider supervision, especially for individuals using CBG for specific health conditions.

Food sources

CBG occurs naturally only in cannabis and hemp plants. Unlike other nutrients, CBG cannot be obtained from conventional food sources. Hemp-derived CBG products are the primary way to supplement with this compound.

Young cannabis plants typically contain higher CBG concentrations before the compound converts to other cannabinoids as the plant matures. Specialized hemp cultivars bred for high CBG content are now used for commercial extraction.

Safety & side effects

CBG appears to be generally well-tolerated in preliminary studies, with a favorable safety profile similar to other non-psychoactive cannabinoids. However, comprehensive long-term safety data is limited.

Potential side effects may include:

• Drowsiness or fatigue
• Dry mouth
• Changes in appetite
• Digestive upset
• Potential drug interactions (see below)

Quality control is important when selecting CBG products, as the supplement industry lacks standardized regulation. Third-party testing for purity and potency is recommended.

Interactions

CBG may interact with various medications through the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, similar to other cannabinoids. Potential interactions include:

Blood thinners: CBG may enhance the effects of anticoagulant medications like warfarin.

Sedatives: May increase drowsiness when combined with sleep medications or benzodiazepines.

Blood pressure medications: Potential additive effects on blood pressure reduction.

Other supplements: Limited data exists on interactions with other supplements, though caution is advised when combining with other cannabinoids or herbs with similar effects.

Who should be cautious

Certain populations should exercise particular caution or avoid CBG supplementation:

• Pregnant and breastfeeding women: Safety data is insufficient
• Children and adolescents: Limited safety and efficacy data
• Individuals with liver disease: May affect medication metabolism
• Those taking multiple medications: Increased risk of drug interactions
• People with low blood pressure: CBG may further lower blood pressure
• Individuals undergoing surgery: Should discontinue use at least two weeks before scheduled procedures

Frequently asked questions

Is CBG legal and will it show up on drug tests?

Hemp-derived CBG containing less than 0.3% THC is federally legal in the United States. Pure CBG should not cause a positive drug test, but full-spectrum products containing trace THC might. Always verify product purity through third-party testing.

How does CBG differ from CBD?

While both are non-psychoactive cannabinoids, CBG is the precursor to CBD and other cannabinoids. CBG interacts with different receptors and may have distinct therapeutic effects, though research is still evolving to understand these differences fully.

Can I take CBG with other cannabinoids?

Many people use CBG alongside CBD or other cannabinoids, potentially creating an “entourage effect.” However, interactions between different cannabinoids are not well-studied, so start with lower doses and monitor effects carefully.

How long does it take for CBG to work?

Effects may vary by individual and delivery method. Sublingual oils may work within 15-45 minutes, while capsules may take 1-2 hours. Consistent daily use over several weeks may be needed to assess full benefits.

What should I look for in a quality CBG product?

Choose products with third-party lab testing, clear potency labeling, and certificates of analysis (COAs) showing purity and cannabinoid content. Avoid products making specific medical claims and consider organic, pesticide-free options.