Gotu Kola

Medically reviewed by Prof. Giorgi Pkhakadze, MD, MPH, PhD — GMJ Editorial Board

What is Gotu Kola?

Gotu kola (Centella asiatica) is a perennial herb native to Asia that has been used in traditional medicine systems for centuries. Also known as Indian pennywort or tiger grass, this small, fan-shaped leafy plant grows in wetlands and marshy areas across India, China, Indonesia, and other parts of Asia. Despite its name, gotu kola is not related to the kola nut and contains no caffeine.

Gotu kola belongs to the parsley family and is particularly valued in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine for its purported cognitive and wound-healing properties. The herb contains several bioactive compounds, including triterpenoids (asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid), which are believed to be responsible for many of its therapeutic effects.

Health benefits & uses

Wound healing and skin health (Moderate evidence): Clinical studies suggest gotu kola may accelerate wound healing and improve skin conditions. Research shows that topical and oral gotu kola preparations can enhance collagen synthesis and reduce inflammation in minor wounds and burns.

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Cognitive function (Limited evidence): Some small studies indicate gotu kola may improve memory, alertness, and overall cognitive function in healthy adults and elderly individuals. However, larger, well-designed trials are needed to confirm these effects.

Venous insufficiency (Moderate evidence): Several clinical trials have demonstrated that gotu kola extract may help reduce symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, including leg swelling, pain, and fatigue. The herb appears to strengthen blood vessel walls and improve circulation.

Anxiety and stress (Limited evidence): Preliminary studies suggest gotu kola may have anxiolytic properties, potentially reducing anxiety and stress levels. However, the evidence remains limited and requires further investigation.

Anti-inflammatory effects (Limited evidence): Laboratory studies indicate gotu kola possesses anti-inflammatory properties, though human clinical evidence is sparse.

How it works

Gotu kola’s therapeutic effects are primarily attributed to its triterpene compounds, particularly asiaticoside and madecassoside. These compounds appear to stimulate collagen production, which is crucial for wound healing and maintaining skin integrity. The herb also seems to enhance microcirculation and strengthen connective tissue.

For cognitive effects, gotu kola may work by improving blood flow to the brain and potentially modulating neurotransmitter activity. Some research suggests it may have neuroprotective properties and could help reduce oxidative stress in brain tissue.

The herb’s anti-inflammatory mechanisms likely involve the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators and the activation of antioxidant pathways, though the exact mechanisms are still being researched.

Dosage

There is no established Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) or Upper Limit (UL) for gotu kola, as it is considered an herbal supplement rather than an essential nutrient. Typical dosage ranges vary depending on the intended use and preparation:

• Dried herb: 600-2000 mg daily, divided into 2-3 doses
• Standardized extract: 60-120 mg daily of extract standardized to 40% asiaticoside
• Topical preparations: 1-3% gotu kola extract applied 2-3 times daily
• Tea: 1-2 teaspoons of dried herb steeped in hot water, consumed 1-3 times daily

Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting gotu kola supplementation, especially if you have existing health conditions or take medications.

Food sources

Gotu kola is primarily consumed as a supplement or herbal preparation rather than as a food source. In some Asian countries, particularly in Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam, fresh gotu kola leaves are eaten as a vegetable or added to salads and soups. The leaves have a slightly bitter, herbaceous taste.

In Western countries, gotu kola is typically available as:

• Dried herb powder
• Standardized extracts in capsules or tablets
• Liquid tinctures
• Topical creams and ointments
• Herbal teas

Safety & side effects

Gotu kola is generally considered safe for most people when used appropriately for short periods. However, some individuals may experience side effects, including:

• Skin irritation or allergic reactions (especially with topical use)
• Drowsiness or sedation
• Stomach upset or nausea
• Headache
• Dizziness

Rare but serious side effects may include liver toxicity with prolonged use or high doses. Some cases of hepatitis have been reported, though causation is not definitively established.

Interactions

Medications: Gotu kola may interact with certain drugs, including:

• Sedatives and sleep medications (may enhance drowsiness)
• Cholesterol-lowering medications
• Diabetes medications (may affect blood sugar levels)
• Liver-metabolized drugs (potential for altered metabolism)

Supplements: Use caution when combining with other herbs that may cause drowsiness, such as valerian, kava, or melatonin.

Who should be cautious

Certain individuals should avoid or use gotu kola with extreme caution:

• Pregnant and breastfeeding women: Safety data is insufficient
• People with liver disease: Risk of hepatotoxicity
• Individuals scheduled for surgery: Discontinue at least 2 weeks before surgery due to potential sedative effects
• Children: Safety and appropriate dosing not established
• People with known allergies: Particularly those sensitive to plants in the Apiaceae family

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to see results from gotu kola?

Effects may vary depending on the intended use. For wound healing, improvements may be noticed within 1-2 weeks. For cognitive or circulatory benefits, it may take 4-6 weeks of consistent use to notice effects. Always consult with a healthcare provider about realistic expectations.

Can I take gotu kola long-term?

Long-term safety data is limited. Most studies have evaluated gotu kola use for periods of 2-6 months. Due to potential liver concerns, it’s advisable to take breaks from supplementation and work with a healthcare provider for extended use.

Is gotu kola the same as kola nut?

No, despite the name similarity, gotu kola is completely different from kola nut. Gotu kola contains no caffeine and belongs to the parsley family, while kola nut is a stimulant containing caffeine.

Can gotu kola help with varicose veins?

Some research suggests gotu kola may help with symptoms of venous insufficiency, which can contribute to varicose veins. However, it’s not a cure for varicose veins, and you should consult with a healthcare provider for proper treatment options.

What’s the best way to take gotu kola?

The best method depends on your intended use. Standardized extracts provide consistent dosing for internal use, while topical preparations are preferred for skin applications. Always follow product instructions and healthcare provider guidance.