Hemp Seed Oil

Medically reviewed by Prof. Giorgi Pkhakadze, MD, MPH, PhD — GMJ Editorial Board

What is Hemp Seed Oil?

Hemp seed oil is derived from the seeds of the hemp plant (Cannabis sativa), a variety of cannabis that contains negligible amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive compound found in marijuana. Unlike CBD oil, which is extracted from the leaves, flowers, and stalks, hemp seed oil comes specifically from the seeds and does not contain significant amounts of cannabinoids.

Hemp seed oil is rich in essential fatty acids, particularly omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fats, as well as gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). It also contains various vitamins, minerals, and plant compounds that contribute to its nutritional profile. The oil has a nutty flavor and light green color, making it suitable for both culinary and supplemental use.

Health benefits & uses

Cardiovascular health (Moderate evidence): Hemp seed oil’s favorable omega-3 to omega-6 ratio (approximately 1:3) may support heart health by helping to reduce inflammation and improve lipid profiles. Studies suggest that the balanced fatty acid profile can contribute to maintaining healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels.

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Skin health (Moderate evidence): The oil’s high content of essential fatty acids, particularly GLA, may help improve skin barrier function and reduce symptoms of certain skin conditions. Clinical studies have shown potential benefits for atopic dermatitis and dry skin when applied topically or consumed orally.

Anti-inflammatory effects (Limited evidence): The omega-3 fatty acids and GLA in hemp seed oil may help reduce systemic inflammation. However, most evidence comes from studies on individual fatty acids rather than hemp seed oil specifically.

Brain health (Limited evidence): The omega-3 content may support cognitive function and brain health, though specific research on hemp seed oil for neurological benefits is limited.

How it works

Hemp seed oil’s effects are primarily attributed to its rich essential fatty acid content. Omega-3 fatty acids like alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) are converted in the body to EPA and DHA, which have anti-inflammatory properties and support cellular membrane function. The omega-6 fatty acids, including linoleic acid and GLA, play roles in skin barrier function and inflammatory response regulation.

GLA is particularly notable as it’s converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), which can produce anti-inflammatory compounds. This mechanism may explain some of the oil’s observed benefits for skin conditions and general inflammatory responses.

Dosage

There is no established RDA or UL for hemp seed oil specifically. Typical supplemental dosages range from 1-2 tablespoons (15-30 mL) daily, providing approximately 1-3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids and 3-9 grams of omega-6 fatty acids.

For skin conditions, studies have used doses ranging from 1-2 tablespoons daily for 8-12 weeks. When using hemp seed oil topically, a small amount can be applied directly to affected skin areas.

As with any supplement, it’s advisable to start with lower doses and consult with a healthcare provider, especially if you have existing health conditions or are taking medications.

Food sources

Hemp seed oil is primarily available as a standalone product, either as a liquid oil or in capsule form. The oil can be used in cooking at low temperatures, added to smoothies, salad dressings, or taken directly. Heat can damage the beneficial fatty acids, so it’s best used in cold preparations or added to foods after cooking.

Whole hemp seeds (hemp hearts) are also available and provide similar nutritional benefits along with protein and fiber. These can be sprinkled on cereals, yogurt, or salads.

Safety & side effects

Hemp seed oil is generally well-tolerated by most people. Potential side effects are typically mild and may include:

• Digestive upset, including nausea or diarrhea, especially when starting or with high doses
• Temporary softening of stools due to the oil content
• Rare allergic reactions in sensitive individuals

The oil should be stored in a cool, dark place and refrigerated after opening to prevent rancidity. Rancid oil may cause stomach upset and loses its beneficial properties.

Interactions

Hemp seed oil may interact with certain medications:

Anticoagulant medications: The omega-3 fatty acids may enhance the effects of blood-thinning medications like warfarin, potentially increasing bleeding risk.

Blood pressure medications: Hemp seed oil might have mild blood pressure-lowering effects, which could enhance the effects of antihypertensive medications.

The oil is generally compatible with most other supplements, though taking it with other omega-3 supplements may increase total omega-3 intake beyond intended levels.

Who should be cautious

Certain individuals should exercise caution or consult healthcare providers before using hemp seed oil:

• People taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications
• Individuals with bleeding disorders
• Those scheduled for surgery (discontinue 2 weeks before)
• People with known cannabis or seed allergies
• Individuals with severe digestive disorders
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women (due to limited safety data)

Frequently asked questions

Will hemp seed oil show up on a drug test?

High-quality hemp seed oil should not cause positive results on drug tests as it contains negligible amounts of THC (less than 0.3%). However, some poorly processed products might contain trace amounts, so choosing reputable brands with third-party testing is important.

Is hemp seed oil the same as CBD oil?

No, they are different products. Hemp seed oil is pressed from hemp seeds and contains mainly fatty acids with little to no cannabinoids. CBD oil is extracted from the plant’s leaves, flowers, and stalks and contains significant amounts of cannabidiol (CBD).

Can I cook with hemp seed oil?

Hemp seed oil is best used for cold preparations or added to food after cooking. High heat can damage the beneficial fatty acids and create an unpleasant taste. It’s ideal for salad dressings, smoothies, or drizzling over cooked foods.

How long does it take to see benefits?

Benefits may vary depending on the intended use. For skin conditions, some people notice improvements within 2-4 weeks of consistent use. For general wellness benefits related to fatty acid intake, effects may take 6-8 weeks of regular consumption to become apparent.

Can children take hemp seed oil?

While hemp seed oil is generally safe, parents should consult with a pediatrician before giving any supplement to children. The dosage would need to be adjusted based on the child’s age and weight.