Archives: Ingredients A-Z
Zeolite / Clinoptilolite
Zeolites (primarily clinoptilolite) are microporous aluminosilicate minerals marketed as 'detoxifiers' that trap heavy metals and toxins in their cage-like crystal…
Titanium Dioxide
Titanium dioxide (TiO2, E171) is a white pigment used ubiquitously in supplement tablets and capsules as an opacifier and colorant…
Black Walnut Hull
Black walnut hull (Juglans nigra) contains juglone, a naphthoquinone with antimicrobial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties [1]. It is a key…
Graviola / Soursop
Graviola (Annona muricata, soursop, guanábana) is a tropical fruit whose leaves, seeds, and bark contain acetogenins (annonacin) — potent mitochondrial…
Horny Goat Weed
Horny goat weed (Epimedium spp., Yin Yang Huo in TCM) contains icariin, a prenylated flavonoid that inhibits PDE5 (the same…
Grapefruit Seed Extract
Grapefruit seed extract (GSE, Citricidal®) is marketed as a 'natural antimicrobial' and preservative. However, multiple independent laboratory analyses have found…
Testosterone Boosters
Testosterone boosters are a supplement CATEGORY (not a single ingredient) typically combining tribulus, fenugreek, D-aspartic acid, ashwagandha, zinc, and/or DHEA…
Pre-Workout Blends
Pre-workout supplements are multi-ingredient formulas typically containing caffeine (150–400 mg), beta-alanine (1.6–3.2 g), citrulline (3–8 g), creatine (3–5 g), and…