Key Finding: Iron, folate, and B12: the three nutrients that build your blood

GMJ
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Prof. Giorgi Pkhakadze
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Diagram showing iron absorption, folate and B12 synthesis, and red blood cell recycling
Iron, folate, and vitamin B12 form an integrated physiological network essential for red blood cell production and oxygen transport. Deficiency in any one nutrient disrupts the entire system, causing anaemia and symptoms ranging from fatigue to neurological impairment. — Checking Blood Sample (9955279835).jpg by National Eye Institute / CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0)
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The body recycles ~25 mg of iron daily from old red cells—five times the typical dietary absorption. Efficient recycling is more critical than diet for sustaining haemoglobin.

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ByProf. Giorgi Pkhakadze
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Prof. Giorgi Pkhakadze, MD, MPH, PhD, is Editor-in-Chief of the Georgian Medical Journal and Chair of the Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG). He is Professor and Head of the Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences at David Tvildiani Medical University, and Secretary/Treasurer of the UEMS Section of Public Health. ORCID: 0000-0001-7609-4515.

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