Depression remains a leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting over 280 million people according to the World Health Organization. While genetic predisposition, trauma, and chronic stress are well-established contributors, emerging research highlights an often-overlooked dimension: micronutrient status. Recent evidence suggests that deficiencies in B vitamins, vitamin D, magnesium, and zinc may exacerbate depressive symptoms and reduce treatment efficacy in susceptible individuals. These micronutrients play critical roles in neurotransmitter synthesis, homocysteine metabolism, and neuroprotection—processes fundamental to mood regulation. However, experts emphasize that correcting micronutrient deficiencies should complement, not replace, evidence-based depression treatment including therapy and medication. Understanding the interplay between nutrition and mental health may help clinicians identify additional intervention points for vulnerable populations.
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