Vitamin D activation involves a complex three-organ cascade requiring magnesium, iron, vitamin K2, zinc, and vitamin A as essential cofactors. Deficiency in any micronutrient can block this pathway despite adequate vitamin D intake. — Photo by Saul Rivera on Pexels (Pexels License)
MD, MPH, PhD. Editor-in-Chief, Georgian Medical Journal (GMJ). Professor and Head, School of Public Health, David Tvildiani Medical University (DTMU), Tbilisi, Georgia. Chair, Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG). President, Accréditation Sans Frontières (ASF), Paris. Secretary/Treasurer, UEMS Section of Public Health. WHO Consultant, Health and Migration, Geneva. Former Member, UN Secretary-General's Independent Accountability Panel for Every Woman, Every Child, Every Adolescent (IAP-EWEC, 2016–2021). ORCID: 0000-0001-7609-4515.