Archives: Ingredients A-Z
2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP)
DNP is a mitochondrial uncoupler that dissipates the proton gradient as heat, dramatically increasing metabolic rate [1]. It was used…
SARMs
SARMs (Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators: ostarine/MK-2866, ligandrol/LGD-4033, RAD-140, etc.) are investigational drugs that were NEVER FDA-approved, sold illegally as 'research…
Pennyroyal
Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) oil contains pulegone — a hepatotoxin metabolized to menthofuran, which depletes glutathione and causes centrilobular hepatic necrosis…
Aristolochia
Aristolochia species contain ARISTOLOCHIC ACID (AA) — one of the most potent known human carcinogens and nephrotoxins [1]. AA causes…
Tianeptine
Tianeptine is a mu-opioid receptor agonist and atypical antidepressant — prescription drug in France/Europe (Stablon®) now sold as a 'nootropic…
DMAA
DMAA (1,3-dimethylamylamine, methylhexaneamine) is a synthetic sympathomimetic amine that was marketed in pre-workouts (Jack3d®, OxyElite Pro®) until FDA enforcement actions…
Phenibut
Phenibut (β-phenyl-GABA) is a synthetic GABA-B agonist and voltage-dependent calcium channel blocker developed in the Soviet Union (1960s) as an…
Ephedra / Ma Huang
Ephedra sinica (Ma Huang) contains ephedrine and pseudoephedrine — sympathomimetic amines that were the most commercially successful weight-loss supplement ingredients…