Understanding the nutritional basis of mood regulation may help clinicians identify additional therapeutic considerations for depressed patients. First, B vitamin deficiency—particularly in B6, B12, and folate—impairs serotonin synthesis and disrupts the methylation pathways essential for neurotransmitter production. Second, vitamin D inadequacy increases oxidative stress in brain tissue and diminishes neuroprotective mechanisms, with effects particularly pronounced in individuals with limited sun exposure. Third, zinc, magnesium, and vitamin C work synergistically to maintain antioxidant defences and stabilize neurotransmitter function; low levels of these nutrients may perpetuate mood dysregulation. While evidence supports micronutrient assessment as part of comprehensive depression evaluation, correction should always accompany—never replace—established treatments including psychotherapy and medication. Integrated nutritional assessment may optimize treatment outcomes in vulnerable populations.
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