Explainers
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Can laughter improve health? Researchers launch study to find out
A new research initiative called the Laughter Lab is systematically investigating whether laughter can improve health and wellbeing. The study…
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Supreme Court’s Roundup ruling exposes a fundamental divide between legal and scientific causation standards
The US Supreme Court's recent glyphosate ruling exposes a fundamental gap: courts and scientists both use the word "causation," but…
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Actin: The Molecular Engine Powering Cell Movement, Division, and Immune Defense
Actin, comprising ~6% of cellular protein, is a multifunctional molecule enabling muscle contraction, immune cell…
Beyond the Powerhouse: How Mitochondria Control Energy, Stress, and Cell Survival
Mitochondria perform four critical functions beyond energy production: ATP generation via the TCA cycle and…
How vitamin B12 absorption works: two competing pathways explain why high-dose pills can rival injections
Vitamin B12 is absorbed via two pathways: intrinsic factor, which saturates at 1.5 µg per…
Copper deficiency may explain iron-resistant anaemia: why the overlooked mineral matters for oxygen transport
Copper deficiency may explain why some patients develop anaemia despite adequate iron intake. Copper-dependent enzymes…
How Vitamins and Minerals Power Brain Chemistry: The Nutritional Foundations of Neurotransmitter Health
B vitamins, iron, zinc, and magnesium serve as essential biochemical cofactors in neurotransmitter synthesis and…