Explainers
Plain-language deep dives for public audiences
How Your Brain Cleans Itself: The Glymphatic System Explained
Your brain operates a continuous waste-removal system called the glymphatic system, which uses cerebrospinal fluid guided by specialized astrocyte cells…
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Why creatine works in muscle but not the brain—yet
Creatine supplementation raises muscle creatine by 20–50% in days, but brain creatine increases by only 4% due to the blood–brain…
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The B-Vitamin Methylation Triad: Why B12, Folate, and B6 Work Together
Vitamins B12, folate, and B6 function as an integrated metabolic system regulating one-carbon metabolism, DNA…
How amino acids shape brain function: What neuroscience reveals about diet and cognition
Cognitive performance depends on seven key amino acids that regulate neurotransmitter synthesis, synaptic plasticity, and…
Omega-3s reshape muscle tissue at the cellular level, study reveals
Omega-3 fatty acids reshape muscle tissue architecture by integrating into cell membranes and activating phospholipase…
Vitamin C Does Not Boost Immunity—It Regenerates the Cells That Kill Pathogens
Vitamin C does not stimulate immunity—it regenerates the antioxidant defences of neutrophils, allowing immune cells…
Microwave Plastic Safety: What the Science Actually Shows About Migration Into Food
Microwave heating releases measurable amounts of BPA and microplastics from plastic containers into food. However,…