He Shou Wu

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What is He Shou Wu?

He Shou Wu, scientifically known as Polygonum multiflorum (also classified as Reynoutria multiflora), is a perennial climbing plant native to China and widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The root of this plant, which can be consumed either raw or processed (traditionally steamed with black beans), has been utilized for over 1,000 years as a tonic herb. In TCM, it’s believed to nourish the liver and kidneys, strengthen the blood, and promote longevity. The name “He Shou Wu” translates to “black-haired Mr. He,” referring to a legendary figure whose gray hair reportedly turned black after consuming this herb. Today, He Shou Wu is available as a dietary supplement in various forms including powders, capsules, and liquid extracts.

Health benefits & uses

Antioxidant activity (Moderate evidence): Research indicates that He Shou Wu contains compounds like stilbenes, anthraquinones, and phospholipids that demonstrate antioxidant properties. Studies have shown these compounds may help protect cells from oxidative stress and free radical damage.

Liver health (Limited evidence): Some animal studies suggest He Shou Wu may support liver function and protect against certain types of liver damage. However, paradoxically, there have also been reports of liver toxicity associated with its use, making this a complex area requiring further research.

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Cholesterol management (Limited evidence): Preliminary studies indicate that He Shou Wu may help regulate cholesterol levels, potentially reducing LDL cholesterol while supporting healthy lipid profiles. However, human clinical trials are limited.

Hair and skin health (Limited evidence): Traditional use centers around promoting hair health and potentially reducing premature graying. While this remains largely anecdotal, some compounds in the herb may support hair follicle health, though robust clinical evidence is lacking.

Anti-aging properties (Limited evidence): Animal studies suggest potential anti-aging effects, possibly related to the herb’s antioxidant content and its influence on certain cellular pathways. Human studies are needed to validate these effects.

How it works

He Shou Wu contains several bioactive compounds that may contribute to its effects. The primary active constituents include 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), emodin, and various anthraquinones. TSG appears to be one of the most important compounds, potentially contributing to antioxidant activity and cellular protection. The herb may work by modulating antioxidant enzyme systems, supporting mitochondrial function, and influencing certain signaling pathways related to cellular stress response. Additionally, some compounds may affect lipid metabolism and liver enzyme activity, though the exact mechanisms require further investigation.

Dosage

There is no established RDA or UL for He Shou Wu. Typical dosage ranges vary significantly depending on the form and preparation:

• Processed root powder: 3-12 grams daily
• Standardized extracts: 500-1,500 mg daily
• Traditional decoctions: 10-30 grams of dried root per day

It’s important to note that processed (steamed) He Shou Wu is generally preferred over raw forms, as traditional processing may reduce potential toxicity while maintaining beneficial compounds. Dosing should always be individualized and supervised by a qualified healthcare provider, especially given safety concerns associated with this herb.

Food sources

He Shou Wu is not commonly found in everyday foods. The root must be specifically harvested from the Polygonum multiflorum plant and is typically available only as a dietary supplement or traditional herbal preparation. In traditional Chinese cuisine, it may occasionally be found in herbal soups or tonics, but these are specialized preparations rather than common food sources. The herb is not naturally present in typical Western diets and must be obtained through dedicated herbal products.

Safety & side effects

He Shou Wu has been associated with significant safety concerns, particularly regarding liver toxicity. Reported adverse effects include:

• Hepatotoxicity: Cases of serious liver damage, including acute hepatitis and liver failure, have been reported
• Gastrointestinal issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
• Skin reactions: Rash and allergic dermatitis in sensitive individuals
• Dizziness and fatigue: Some users report these neurological symptoms

The risk appears to be higher with raw preparations compared to traditionally processed forms. Quality and source of the supplement may also significantly impact safety profiles.

Interactions

Drug interactions: He Shou Wu may interact with medications metabolized by the liver, potentially affecting drug clearance. It may also interact with anticoagulant medications due to potential effects on blood clotting. Specific interactions with statins and other cholesterol medications are theoretically possible.

Supplement interactions: Combining He Shou Wu with other herbs or supplements that affect liver function may increase the risk of adverse effects. Caution is advised when using alongside other potentially hepatotoxic substances or supplements with similar effects on lipid metabolism.

Who should be cautious

Several groups should exercise particular caution or avoid He Shou Wu entirely:

• Individuals with liver disease: Those with existing liver conditions should avoid this supplement
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women: Safety data is insufficient for these populations
• Children: Not recommended for pediatric use
• People taking medications: Especially those on liver-metabolized drugs
• Individuals with autoimmune conditions: Immune system effects are not well understood

Frequently asked questions

Can He Shou Wu really prevent gray hair?

While traditional use suggests benefits for hair health, there is no robust scientific evidence that He Shou Wu can prevent or reverse gray hair in humans. The legendary stories are largely anecdotal, and controlled clinical trials are needed to validate any hair-related benefits.

Is processed He Shou Wu safer than raw forms?

Traditional processing (steaming with black beans) appears to reduce some toxic compounds while potentially maintaining beneficial ones. Processed forms are generally considered safer than raw preparations, though safety concerns remain even with processed versions.

How long does it take to see effects from He Shou Wu?

Traditional sources suggest that benefits may take several months of consistent use to become apparent. However, given the safety concerns and limited clinical evidence, long-term use should only be undertaken under professional supervision.

Can I take He Shou Wu with other supplements?

Combining He Shou Wu with other supplements, particularly those affecting liver function, may increase risk of adverse effects. Always consult with a healthcare provider before combining supplements, especially given He Shou Wu’s potential for liver toxicity.

Are there any laboratory tests I should get before taking He Shou Wu?

Given the hepatotoxicity concerns, baseline liver function tests may be advisable before starting He Shou Wu, with periodic monitoring during use. Consult with a healthcare provider about appropriate monitoring protocols.