Archives: Ingredients A-Z
Alpha-Lipoic Acid
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA, thioctic acid) is a dithiol compound that functions as a cofactor for mitochondrial enzyme complexes (pyruvate dehydrogenase,…
Coenzyme Q10
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, ubiquinone-10) is a lipophilic benzoquinone that plays two essential roles: it is a critical electron carrier in…
Molybdenum
Molybdenum is an essential trace element that functions as a cofactor in four human enzymes: sulfite oxidase (detoxifies sulfite from…
Copper
Copper is an essential trace element that serves as a cofactor for numerous cuproenzymes involved in electron transfer reactions, including…
Chromium
Chromium is a trace element proposed to enhance insulin signaling, though its essentiality in humans has been questioned by recent…
Manganese
Manganese is an essential trace element that serves as a cofactor or activator for numerous enzymes, including mitochondrial superoxide dismutase…
Potassium
Potassium is the principal intracellular cation in the human body, with 98% of total body potassium (~3,500 mmol) located inside…
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in the human body after calcium, with approximately 85% in bones and teeth…