Prof. Giorgi Pkhakadze
Beyond Energy: How Mitochondrial Metabolites Control Immunity, Stem Cells, and Cancer Risk
Mitochondrial metabolites—acetyl-CoA, α-ketoglutarate, itaconate, succinate, and fumarate—function as master regulators of immune tolerance, stem cell fate, and tumor suppression, not…
How Brain-Spine Circuits Control Walking—And Why They Fail First in Aging and Parkinson’s Disease
Walking relies on integrated brain-spine circuits controlling posture, balance, and rhythm. New evidence shows aging and Parkinson's disease preferentially damage…
Magnesium and Heart Disease: What the Evidence Actually Shows
A meta-analysis of 40 population studies involving over one million people found no evidence that magnesium prevents overall cardiovascular disease,…
How Your Cells Build New Mitochondria: The Science of Energy Production
When energy demand increases—during exercise, fasting, or cold exposure—cells activate mitochondrial biogenesis to generate new energy-producing structures. This adaptive process…
Light Roast Retains Most Chlorogenic Acids, But Dark Roast Offers Different Antioxidants
Light roast coffee retains 8.0 mg/g of chlorogenic acids—nearly twice the concentration found in dark roasts—but roasting transforms the antioxidant…
Thyroid Health Requires Nutritional Balance: Why Iodine, Selenium, and Tyrosine Work as a System
Thyroid hormone synthesis and regulation depend on iodine (structural backbone), selenium (enzyme cofactor for activation and antioxidant protection), and tyrosine…
How Exercise Intensity, Effort, and Physiological Stress Connect: A Unified Framework
Exercise intensity integrates objective physiological markers, subjective effort perception, and performance metrics on a shared continuum. Low-intensity sessions (30–50% 1RM,…
Thyroid Health Depends on Three Nutrients Working Together, Not One Alone
Thyroid hormone production requires iodine, selenium, and tyrosine working together as an integrated system. Each nutrient plays a distinct biochemical…