Explainers
Plain-language deep dives for public audiences
Caffeine Does Not Create Energy—It Masks Fatigue, Study Shows
Caffeine does not produce energy but instead blocks the brain's fatigue signals, allowing tiredness to accumulate invisibly. Genetic variation in…
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How Two Minerals Lock Down Brain Anxiety: Magnesium and Zinc’s Dual Control of Neural Excitation
The brain's primary anxiety-regulating system relies on two independent mineral-based brakes: magnesium physically blocks the NMDA receptor's ion channel pore,…
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Rancid Omega-3: What the Peroxide Value Tells You
Surveys keep finding oxidised fish oil on the shelf. Peroxide value, anisidine value and TOTOX…
Heat Kills Supplements: Transport, Storage and the Invisible Loss of Potency
Chemical degradation roughly doubles with every 10 °C. Hot delivery vans, sunny windowsills and steamy…
What a LOT Number Really Is: Batch Traceability from Factory to Recall
No LOT number means no recall. The small code stamped on the bottle is the…
Supplement Ingredient Fraud: Substitution and Dilution — How Identity Testing Catches It
The cheapest fraud in the supplement trade is a wrong or diluted ingredient. Here is…
Nobody Approves a Supplement Before It Is Sold
Supplements are foods, not medicines. No regulator anywhere approves them before sale. What that means…