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GMJ News > GMJ Briefs > Announcement: The Citric Acid Cycle: How Cells Convert Food Into Energy

Announcement: The Citric Acid Cycle: How Cells Convert Food Into Energy

GMJ
Last updated: 08/08/2026 07:30
By
Prof. Giorgi Pkhakadze
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Diagram of the citric acid cycle showing acetyl-CoA entering the cycle, NADH and FADH2 production, and ATP synthesis in mitochondria
The citric acid cycle—Earth's most fundamental energy conversion process—occurs billions of times per second in every human cell, converting all dietary macronutrients into the ATP that powers life. Understanding how this eight-step biochemical pathway works illuminates both normal metabolism and disease. — Different routes to enter citric acid cycle.jpg by Mertmetin96 / CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)
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1 min read|62 words

The citric acid cycle processes every carbohydrate, fat, and protein you eat into usable cellular energy—generating ~30 ATP molecules per glucose. Operating billions of times per second in your mitochondria, this eight-step pathway is the metabolic engine of life itself. New evidence links cycle dysfunction to cancer and neurological disease. Read how on GMJ News.

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GMJ Brief · Announcement

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ByProf. Giorgi Pkhakadze
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Prof. Giorgi Pkhakadze, MD, MPH, PhD, is Editor-in-Chief of the Georgian Medical Journal and Chair of the Public Health Institute of Georgia (PHIG). He is Professor and Head of the Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences at David Tvildiani Medical University, and Secretary/Treasurer of the UEMS Section of Public Health. ORCID: 0000-0001-7609-4515.

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